Administrative Law as a Governing Framework for Implementing Environmental Legislation

(A critical analytical study between the Saudi and Omani systems)

Abstract

This research analyzes the governance design of administrative law as the framework for implementing environmental legislation in Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman. The research is based on the premise that the development of environmental legislation does not automatically lead to environmental protection unless it is integrated within an administrative structure characterized by institutional coherence, effective governance, and robust accountability. This research employs a comparative analytical legal approach, focusing on the distribution of powers, the limits of discretionary authority, and mechanisms of administrative accountability. Findings reveal that the differences between the two systems are related to the degree of legislative development and the varying governance designs of administrative implementation. This research indicates that the Saudi model reflects legislative expansion and multiple administrative tools that enhance regulatory capacity, in contrast to the Omani model, which is characterized by administrative stability and clarity, but with limited responsiveness to emerging environmental challenges. This research concludes that achieving effective environmental governance requires an institutional balance between organizational flexibility, the rule of law, and the integration of administrative bodies. This redefines the role of administrative authorities as proactive regulatory actors that help manage environmental risks and achieve sustainable protection.